Introduction to Binomial Nomenclature The word nomenclature is derived from two latten words i.e “nomen” which means name “Clare” which means to call, so it means to call by name. In biology, each group of organisms, be it plants or animals, or microorganisms is already classified under special divisions, according to their similarities and features….
What do you mean by Seed Recruitment? A seed is actually a miniature plant (a plant house). It is capable to grow and produce a new plant. Seed recruitment is the ability of a seed to grow and establish itself as a seedling. A seed is the ripened ovule and it stores food. This reserve…
Introduction to the Boundaries of an Ecosystem: This unit makes the ecosystem a specific entity (system). Boundaries of ecosystems are features of any entity. The ecological boundaries or boundaries of an ecosystem are the “outer envelope of an ecological entity such as individual, species, population, community or an ecosystem”. Cadenasso (2003) called them “the zone…
Life History Pattern The life history pattern of an organism is “the pattern of its survival and reproduction events during its life”. The traits that are studied in life history pattern includes morphological features like biomass, growth rate, size, phonological events, age at maturity, and reproductive features like fecundity (ability to produce new offspring), schedule…
Introduction to Angiosperms The word angiosperm came from the Greek words; “Angeion”, containers, receptacle, or vessel, and “Sperma”, seed. Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants that produce flowers, fruits, and seeds. After fertilization, ovules are not shed and remain enclosed within the ovaries. This group is the most diverse and the largest with 68 orders, 416 families,…
Introduction to the Gondwana Flora Gondwana flora is a collection of continents including Australia, Antarctica, Africa, South America, and India (Fig 1). This supercontinent was once a unity and finally broke up during the Mesozoic era. The above-mentioned masses of land share common stratigraphic features like fossils and sediments as there was easy and free…
Introduction to Cycadales: Cycadales or cycads “living fossils” are member of gymnosperms (naked seeded plants). This group consists of 11 living genera and more than 100 species. This group contains both extinct and living (extant) genera. They dominated the world in the Jurassic period. These are present in tropical, subtropical, and warm temperate regions of…
Kingdom Plantae Division Gnetophyta Class Gnetopsida Order Gnetales Family Gnetaceae Genus Gnetum History and Origin of Gnetophyta / Gnetales The fossil history of Gnetophyta or Gnetales is poorly known but Gnetales pollen occurs abundantly in Early Cretaceous sediments. In the Yixian Formation, remnants of Gnetales are relatively common and several taxa have been described. Pollen…
Introduction and Origin of Bennettitales: The name “Bennettitales” has been given to honor J.J. Bennett, an English botanist. This group of fossil plants flourished well during the Triassic to Lower Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic era (ages of Cycads). Palaeobotanists believe that this group originated from Pteridospermales. Fossils of Bennettitales are found either in the…
Origin of Cycadofilicales The Cycadofilicales or Pteridosperms are popularly known as ‘seed ferns.’ This group of Gymnosperms includes trees or small plants bearing fern-like foliage. They flourished greatly in the Carboniferous period, also known as the ‘Age of Ferns.’ The plants first appeared in the Devonian, became very prominent in the Carboniferous, but remained widespread…
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